http://dspace.zu.edu.ly/xmlui/handle/1/1465 2026-04-14T09:33:07Z http://dspace.zu.edu.ly/xmlui/handle/1/1490 Exploring the resonant vibrational excitation levels of hydrogen at border angles [0º-180º] by observing the differential cross sections Elharari, Najah Ibrahem; ABDULQADER, SANAA MASOD ALMUKHTAR; ALI, Saad Salem Saad In this research, the experience of exploring the vibrant levels of vibration for hydrogen, through the monitoring of differential sections, was used for the modified cross-brochield. The experiment begins by extracting electrons from hot tungsten directly[u1] cathode. The electron beam is selected by monochrome and then pointed into the interaction region . the same time sends a beam of gas to be vertical at 90◦ with the previous electrons beam. As the experiment includes the use a double Trochoidal electron monochromatic (TEM [ 2u ] ) device for the analysis of the scattered electron multiplier for the detecting of the scattered electrons. In this experiment, the objective was obtaining the DCS at border angles of 0◦ and 180 The signal detected is a sum of inelastically scattered electrons at 0o and 180o, within the same solid angles, and at the given residual energy. The experiment shows a very efficient (100%) collection of the backward scattered electrons. Through the results we note that when measuring vibration excitement of hydrogen gas long-term deficiency for angular distribution of electrons as well as lack of experience differential cross sections (DCS [ 4u ] [ 3u ] ) . 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.zu.edu.ly/xmlui/handle/1/1489 A comparison between the tannin content in tea samples found in the market (imported) and tea samples grown in Libya (local). حامد, الزادمة لامين أحميدة; منير, محجوبة صالح الطيب; الشريف, زمزم علي بشير عبدالرحمن Tannin is a water-soluble polyphenol, and tannin is also known as proanthocyanidins that possess beneficial properties such as antioxidants, apoptosis, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory, in addition to fighting atherosclerosis and protecting the heart and blood vessels. Green tea leaves are abundant natural sources of a substance Polyphenols. In this study, 6 green tea samples were analyzed (local tea, Alghazaleen tea, aljawhara tea, Zallaf tea, El Kafila tea and Lipton tea). And estimating the content of tannin by titration method, through the results it was found that the local tea contains the largest amount of tannin, while the imported tea samples contain the least amount of tannin. 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.zu.edu.ly/xmlui/handle/1/1488 Effect of Annealing Temperature and Film Thickness on the Optical properties of CuInSe2Thin Films Elharari, Najah Ibrahem; Magrem, Amna Abo; Trab, Sumaya Faraj The researcher prepared CuInSe2 thin films by conventional evaporation method under vacuum . And he also prepared films at different film thickness and different annealing temperatures. X-ray diffraction indicates that the prepared bulk and films both were polycrystalline line with tetragonal phase. The study conducted at different annealing temperatures and different film thicknesses on the optical properties of CuInSe2 thin films. The Optical constants (the attenuation coefficient and the refractive index of the films and their dependence on the annealing temperature and film thickness show Direct and indirect transition. Markedly change occurred in the energy gap due to transition detected in the prepared films that was around 1eV.No with the variation of the films. 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.zu.edu.ly/xmlui/handle/1/1487 الماتريدي مؤسس علم الكلام السني (حياته، وحقيقة الايمان عنده) المشيطي, سليمة جمعة علي لا نزال في حاجة إلى ظهور شخصيات , تو جه العقل نحو التأمل والتفكر العقلي الصحيح في كل ما جاء به النقل , وقد وجدت آراء الماتريدي صدى في الوسط الاجتماعي الذي يبحث عن الوسطية في الرأي الد يني ، وذلك في عصر ساد فيه الغلو الديني ، فالمعتزلة غالوا في البحث العقلي في بعض المسائل العقدية من جهة , فيما اعتمد الحنفية النص القرآني. ومن الجلي تاريخيا أن الاختلافات السياسية التي ج دت في الإسلام أث رتْ على البيئة الثقافية والفكرية الإسلامية ؛ لأنها جرَّت علي الفكر الاسلامي تناول مسائل عقدية مختلفة للفصل بين هذه الخلافات ، والميل نحو أحدهما أو نبذ الآخر . وفي مسألة الإيمان التي ظهرت م بكرا في البيئة الإسلامية نجد أن الماتريدي من المفكرين المسلمين الذين أولوا هذه المسألة اهتماما كبيرا ، وأقرَّ بأن الإيمان الحقيقي يستوجب معرفة الحجج العقلية التي تدعم الإيمان , بعيدا عن إيمان التقليد بغير معرفة ولا دليل . ولع ل إثارة هذه النقطة من الأهمية بمكان بحيث ت ثار أمامنا نقطة أخرى مهمة ألا وهي أن سبب تخ ل ف ال ش عوب هو التقليد دون تب ي ن أو تب ص ر . 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z